Two-dimensional simulation of debris flow impact pressures on buildings
Citation
Gao, L., Zhang, L.M., Chen, H.X. (2017). Two-dimensional simulation of debris flow impact pressures on buildings. Engineering Geology, 226: 236-244. Link to paper
Abstract
This study develops a computational scheme to simulate debris-flow impact pressures on buildings in urban environments using depth-averaged mass and momentum equations with erosion, deposition, and variable solid concentration. A high-resolution digital elevation model is used to represent both terrain and building geometry in a Hong Kong case study with 5 m grid resolution. The framework evaluates dynamic pressure from moving flow and static pressure from deposited material to estimate facade loading patterns. Results show that building blockage alters flow depth and velocity through run-up and channel narrowing, increasing impact on structures aligned with the main flow path. Debris deposition in front of buildings further amplifies total impact pressure, highlighting key mechanisms relevant to urban hazard design.